Contents
HEAT-AND-POWER ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS
BIFURKATION ANALYSIS OF EQUALIZATION OF ENERGY AT LAMINAR FLOW OF VISCID LIQUID IN COAXIAL CHANNEL
U.G. Nazmeev, S.A. Livshits
e-mail: eshamsutd.kazan@mail.ru
Research center fоr Power Engineering Problems Kazan Scientific Center Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: The uncritical mode, laminar flow, viscid liquid, coaxial channel, rows of Teylor, bifurkation phenomena, dimensionless kind.
Abstract
In the work the results of researches of the uncritical modes of laminar flow of viscid liquid in the coaxial channel are presented. As scope terms the terms of adhesion of liquid on the walls of channel were accepted. Through the method based on decomposition of the functions sought after in the rows of Teylor, possibility of existence of a few decisions of equalization of energy is shown. The symmetry axis flow of viscid newtonian liquid is considered. Possibility of origin of bifurkation phenomena is explored at the flow of viscid liquids in the coaxial channel. The thermal scope terms of the first, second and third family are considered. The dimensionless functions and dimensionless parameters are used.
REATTACHMENT LENGTH BEHIND AN ORIFICE IN A PULSATING TURBULENT FLOW IN A ROUND PIPE
N.I.Mikheev, V.M.Molochnikov, I.A.Davletshin, D.I.Romanov
e-mail: n.miheev@mail.ru, vmolochnikov@mail.ru
Research Center of Power Engineering Problems Kazan Scientific Center of RAS
Keywords: flow fluctuations, frequency, reattachment length.
Abstract
Experimental data for separation region behind an orifice are submitted in this paper for pulsating turbulent flow in a round pipe at different frequencies of superimposed fluctuations. Flow rate fluctuations were generated by periodical blocking of the channel outlet. Abrupt decrease of reattachment length was discovered for the range of frequencies Sh=0,6…0,7.
RESEARCH OF MODE OF PROGRESSIVE GROWTH OF TEMPERATURE AT FLOW OF DILATANTNOY LIQUID ON INITIAL AREA OF ROUND PIPE
D.V. Ananev
e-mail: Dima211083@yandex.ru
Research center fоr Power Engineering Problems Kazan Scientific Center Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: The Dilatantive liquid, initial thermal area, round pipe, laminar flow, heat exchange, the reological Kutateladze-Habahpasheva model, critical mode.
Abstract
In work the results of research of symmetry axis flow of reactionary-capable dilatants viscid incompressible liquid are resulted on the initial area of round pipe at prevailing chemical thermal emission and thermal scope terms of the first family. The laminar flow of viscid liquid in supposition is explored, that heat and physical descriptions change insignificantly and transfer of warmth along direction of motion there is much less forced due to the heat conductivity. The Dilatantive liquid is described by the reological Kutateladze-Habahpasheva model. Dependence of maximal temperature was explored on length of pipe from temperature on the entrance.
TRANSIENT TEMPERATURE PROCESSES INTO SOLID BODIES
A. Yu. Kirsanov*, Yu.A. Kirsanov**, I.A. Korostelev**
e-mail: kirsanov-yury@mail.ru
* Kazan State Engineering University named A.N. Tupolev ** Research Center of Problems of Power Engineering of Kazan Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan
Keywords: Thermal relaxation, thermal conductivity, thermocouple, transient process.
Abstract
Experimental estimate of the thermal relaxation time for solid body is made. Diameter of the chromel-copel thermocouple as test subject is 2·10-5 m. Method of testing is thermocouple recording as effect of rapid immersion in hot or cold water. Thermocouple recording realize by I/O device PSI-6024E for analogue and digital signals with sampling frequency up to 1 MHz of company National Instruments. Analysis of thermocouple recording make it possible for to make a conclusion about absence evident influence of the thermal relaxation time on transient temperature processes in solid body.
NUMERICAL DEFINITION OF INTERVALS OF AMBIGUITY SOLUTION OF THE EQUATION AT CURRENT OF THE VISCOUS LIQUID OF ENERGY UNDER THERMAL THIRD SORT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Kadyyrov A.I.
e-mail: aidarik@rambler.ru
Research center fоr Power Engineering Problems Kazan Scientific Center Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: The equation of energy, viscous liquid, ambiguity of the decision, dissipation
Abstract
The equation of conservation of energy describing heat transfer at laminar axisymmetric viscous flow, incompressible is reactionary-capable liquid in an infinite pipe is analyzed in this work. The working environment is characterized by presence as chemical and dissipative sources of thermal emissions, where dissipative thermal emission much more chemical. During carrying out of a complex of numerical researches ambiguity of decisions on the operating parameter c which is responsible dissipative for thermal emissions is found out. Graphically dependence of temperature on parameter c has S-shaped character. It is received, that ambiguity of decisions on parameter c is observed with increase in energy of activation of viscous current of a working environment.
MODELLING AND RESEARCH OF STRUCTURE OF A STREAM AT THE EXPIRATION OF THE FLAT FLOODED CONSTRAINED JET IN TO FLOOR INFINITE THE SPACE FILLED BY A VISCOUS LIQUID
E.V. Shamsutdinov
e-mail: eshamsutd.kazan@mail.ru
Research Center of Power Engineering Problems of Kazan Science Center the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: Heat power system, heat and mass exchange processes, modelling, hydrodynamics, jet currents, viscous liquids
Abstract
In work the model of laminar current of the flat flooded constrained jet of a viscous liquid in to floor infinite the space filled also by a viscous liquid is presented. The system of the equations of movement and indissolubility are resulted in a dimensionless kind. Results of numerical researches are presented in the form of distributions of lines of a current and the vector of speed received at the charge of a liquid of equal 0.01852 kg/m sec. The analysis of results has shown, that the tendency of formation of returnable currents is appreciable. Also it is revealed, that at the constant charge of a liquid during all considered interval of time it is possible to consider hydrodynamical process established.
NUMERAL RESEARCH OF CRITICAL MODES AT UNISOTHERMAL FLOW OF PSEUDOPLASTIC REACTIONARY-CAPABLE LIQUID IN PRISMATIC CHANNEL
A.V. Shlyannikov
e-mail: a.shlyannikov@gmail.com
Research center fоr Power Engineering Problems Kazan Scientific Center Russian Academy of Sciences
Abstract
In the work the modes of flow of pseudoplastic incompressible reactionary-capable liquid are explored in the endless prismatic channel with the rectangular transversal section. I am present dissipative and chemical source of thermal emission. The chemical reaction of zero order is considered. In work distributing of speed and temperature of flow of pseudoplastic liquid are explored in the prismatic channel with the rectangular transversal section at the hydrodynamic and thermal scope terms of the first family. The regions of ambiguity of decisions of the considered equalizations are explored. The influence of varied parameters on the origin of sharp change of temperature is explored. Dependence of temperature of reactionary liquid on intensity of chemical thermal emiss is determined.
Keywords: Numeral methods, pseudoplastic liquid, prismatic channel, laminar flow, critical mode, ambiguity of decisions
CALCULATION OF STREAMS IN THE CONDITIONS OF SHORT-TERM CONTACT OF PHASES
R.A.Sadykov, N.S.Miftahutdinov
e-mail: Sadykov_R_A@mail.ru
Research centre of problems of power of KazNtS of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: contact of phases, calculation of streams, mathematical model of short-term contact, the mixed regional conditions
Abstract
By means of the theory of differentiation of a fractional index pay off thermal and диффузионные streams of mathematical model interconnected heat – and массопереноса at short-term contact interaction of phases of various permeability. The generalised mathematical model of short-term contact of phases which represents system of the differential equations carrying over with the mixed regional conditions of the first and second sort is considered. The approached calculation of streams spent by a method with accuracy necessary for engineering calculations, proves to be true test analytical problems, thermal and which material streams pay off on fields of potentials of carrying over.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF LAMINAR CURRENT OF THE FLAT FLOODED FREE JET OF THE VISCOUS LIQUID
E.V. Shamsutdinov, R.F. Kamalov
e-mail: eshamsutd.kazan@mail.ru, rustemran@mail.ru
Research Center for Power Engineering Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: Mathematical model, the laminar current, the flooded jet, dimensionless complexes and the equations.
Abstract
In work the mathematical model of laminar current of the flat flooded jet of a viscous liquid is presented. The system of the equations describing current of a flat free jet in the cartesian system of coordinates with a number of assumptions is presented. The area of the expiration of a jet with boundary conditions is shown. After introduction of dimensionless complexes the system of the equations and boundary conditions are presented in a dimensionless kind. The given mathematical model allows to carry out numerical researches of processes of hydrodynamics at laminar current of the flat flooded free jet of a viscous liquid in semiinfinite space.
MEASUREMENTS OF STATIC PRESSURE AT HYDRODYNAMIC UNSTEADINESS
V.M.Molochnikov*, D.I.Romanov*, A.A.Paereliy*, L.A.Feoktistova**
e-mail: vmolochnikov@mail.ru, tapaereliy@yandex.ru
* Research Center of Power Engineering Problems, Kazan Scientific Center of RAS ** A.N.Tupolev’s Kazan State Technical University
Keywords: pressure, unsteadiness, mass transfer, damping tube, systematic error.
Abstract
Results of experimental research are submitted dealing with effect of periodical mass transfer between a test section and a channel, which connects the hole for pressure measurements with manometer, on measured values of static pressure at test section wall. It has been established that pressure measurements in ducts with pulsating flows can introduce systematic error owing to the difference between hydrodynamic drag of forward and backward air motion in a channel. When a damping tube with high values of hydrodynamic drag is introduced into the channel, the error is almost eliminated.
NUMERICAL RESEARCH OF SYSTEM EQUATIONS CONSERVATION OF ENERGY AND MOVEMENT AT CURRENT OF THE PSEUDO-PLASTIC LIQUID IN THE COAXIAL CHANNEL
B.R.Abajdullin
e-mail: cyberincorp@mail.ru
Research center of problems of power in the Russian Academy of Science
Keywords: a pseudo-plastic liquid, reaction of the zero order, intervals of ambiguity, critical modes, energy of activation of viscous current.
Absract
In the given work is the mathematical model and a method of the decision of system of the equations of movement and the conservation of energy, describing heat exchange in conditions of a critical mode at current of a pseudo-plastic liquid in the channel with coaxial geometry considered. Dependences of temperature of environment depending on intensity of a chemical source are considered as it is accepted in the classical theory of thermal explosion.
INDUSTRIAL HEAT-AND-POWER ENGINEERING
ANALYSIS OF multiloop heat supply system OF residential community
A.Z. Daminov
Research centre of energy problems of Kazan scientific centre of Russian Academy Sciences
e-mail: daminov@list.ru
Keywords: heat supply system, mathematical simulation, structural analysis, systems analysis, optimization.
Abstract
For conducting of the given analysis, multiloop heat supply system of residential community, which is by the difficult structure consisting of great number of different interdependent elements (heat network subscribers), appears as a balance heat- technological scheme, i.e. in the structured form with the subsequent apportionment of contours and their ranks. The problem solution of existing structure of communications between elements, apportionment of closed and open sequence of elements, finding of optimum sequence of calculation of the pipeline system with the use of methods of mathematical simulation solves. Such approach allows to take minimize number of iterations, to raise accuracy of calculation at the mathematical simulation, and also to augment stability range of task solution by characterization work of scheme.
ANALYSIS OF THERMODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY A STAGE ALKALINE BENZENE
O.G.Rogogkina
e-mail: eshamsutd.kazan@mail.ru
Research Center of Power Engineering Problems of Kazan Science Center the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: Heat and mass exchange processes, thermodynamic efficiency, warmly technological scheme, petrochemistry, thermal losses
Abstract
In work results the analysis and an estimation thermodynamic efficiency warmly technological scheme of a stage alkaline benzene olefine are presented. Losses and thermodynamic efficiency separate elements, blocks and BTTS in structure of system manufacture are certain. Because of thermodynamic imperfection processes it is lost 2,41 МВт. In elements BTTS it is transferred 4,22 МВт (100%) exergual from which it is perceived 1,81 МВт (42,9%). By quantity transferred exergual in manufacture izopropilbenzol: on the first place alkilator (49,45%), on the second – columns (27,17%), on the third – boilers (20,93%), then follow deflegmator, heat exchangers and refrigerators. Following basic technological and power streams are revealed, exergual which can be used at the enterprise: antifreeze«113», «121», «122», «126»; streams a steam condensate «110», «117», «128»
FORMATION OF THE DISPERSE PHASE AT THE UNIDIRECTIONAL MOVEMENT OF GAS AND THE FILM OF THE LIQUID IN CONDITIONS OF STRONG INTERACTION
N.A. Nikolaev, G.S. Mihalkina
e-mail: andr_nik_nik@rambler.ru
Research Center for Power Engineering Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: a disperse phase, strong interaction of phases, waves of indignation, a film of a liquid
Abstract
In work results of experimental researches of formation(education) of a disperse phase at movement of a film of the liquid, carried out(spent) on system air – water at среднерасходной are submitted to speed of air of 14-55 m/s and to density of an irrigation of 0,3-3,2 m3/ m×h. Research has shown, that in conditions of strong interaction of phases there is a destruction of waves of the indignation formed on a surface of a film of a liquid, and formation(education) of the disperse phase collecting in a gas stream. Dependences of total quantity of a disperse phase on speed of gas are submitted, to density of an irrigation, diameter and length of the channel.
MODELLING AND RESEARCH OF THE CIRCULATING COMBINED HEATING OF BLACK OIL IN THE TANK BY MEANS OF TWO CONSISTENTLY CONNECTED HEATERS
A.M. Muhametzakirov
e-mail: amm@gmail.com
Research Center of Power Engineering Problems of Kazan Science Center the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: Heat power system, heat and mass exchange processes, modelling, circulating heating, tanks, heaters
Abstract
In work the problem of the circulating combined heating of black oil in the tank in volume 5000 cub. m is considered. By means of two consistently connected heaters. For numerical realization of the developed model method Bulirsha-Shtera is used. As a result of numerical researches dependences of temperature of black oil in the tank from time of a warming up are received at the set charges of black oil. Researches have shown, that schedules of dependence of temperature of black oil in the tank, both at years, and at winter storage practically coincide at identical entry conditions. At a devastation of the tank sharp jump of black oil in the end of time of heating is observed. It speaks that the quantity acting black oil becomes commensurable with in weight of black oil in the tank.
DESIGN THERMAL PROCEDURE OF MULTITUBULAR HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEM
A.Z. Daminov
e-mail: daminov@list.ru
Research centre of energy problems of Kazan scientific centre of Russian Academy Sciences
Keywords: heat supply system, heat flow, heat exchange, design procedure, algorithm.
Abstract
The design thermal procedure of heat networks, consisting of decision of two tasks, is offered. The first task consists in the decision of eventual parameters of coolant (water) at the preset parameters of network: schemes of heat network, length of areas, diameters of pipelines, insulation thickness. The second task is a decision of heat-insulating layer thickness at the adjusted final parameters of coolant. Thermal computation consists in the decision of heat flows through layers and surfaces of cylindrical form and is a design procedure of heat flows in the system of pipelines of heat networks. Decision of the put tasks is presented as an algorithm of computation.
DEVELOPMENT ENERGY-TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEX OF STAGE OF ACID DIGESTION OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE RECEIPTING PHENOL AND ACETONE
D.V.Yermolaev
e-mail: denlion@list.ru
Research Center for Power Engineering Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: Energy-technological combining principle, heat-technological scheme, waste energy resources.
Abstract
In work to be resulted the specification statement heat-technological schemas of a stage of acid digestion of cumene hydroperoxide receipting phenol and acetone. It is described designed energy-technological complex on the basis of use of sec power resources in the form of a steam condensate by stress 1 МПа and warmth of baffled currents of the antifreezing compound, formed in the given schema and results of the economical analysis are resulted. The designed complex allows drop of power dissipations with baffled currents of energy and matter, to utilise sec power resources. The possible economy of conditional fuel compounds 4173,2 thousand toe/year or 1,2 m rub.
POWER GENERATION STATIONS
THE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE AND SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS OF PREPARATION OF FIRM FUEL WITH GASIFIER ON AIR BLASTING
A.A. Legkov, G.R. Mingaleeva
e-mail: mingaleeva-gr@mail.ru
Research Center for Power Engineering Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: gasification of coal, system of preparation of fuel, gasifier, thermal efficiency
Abstract
In work the system of preparation of coal with its gasification in gasifier with a bulk layer is considered at use of air blasting. The analysis of structure of the technological circuit is lead(carried out), interrelations of its(her) elements and optimum sequence of calculation of devices and blocks are determined. Thermal efficiency was determined on the basis of thermal balance of each block of gasification, value of thermal efficiency has made 82 %. It is offered the given system it is possible to consider as alternative to traditional systems with drying and powdering firm fuel.
THERMAL SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS OF PREPARATION OF FIRM FUEL WITH DUST-CONCENTRATOR
L.N. Tuhvatullina, G.R. Mingaleeva
e-mail: mingaleeva-gr@mail.ru
Research Center for Power Engineering Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: dust-concentrator, system of preparation of fuel, pulverized coal, thermal efficiency
Abstract
In work the system of preparation of coal of the direct inflation, equipped by mills – fans and dust-concentrator is considered. Installation dust-concentrator allows to submit approximately 30 % of the drying agent from 85-90 % of a coal dust to the basic torch, and the others of 70 % of the drying agent from 10-15 % of more thin coal dust through waste torches that raises stability of process of ignition and burning. Thermal efficiency of system which has made 96,8 % is determined. It is revealed, that submission in fire-chamber a dust of more rough grinding and the increased humidity conducts to reduction of expenses by crushing of fuel and evaporation of a moisture.
POWER AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
FIELDS OF PRESSURE OF HIGH USAGES FOR CRACKS OF THE NORMAL SEPARATION AND CROSS-SECTION SHIFT
V.N.Shljannikov, B.V.Ilchenko
e-mail: shlyannikov@mail.ru, ilchenkoboris@pochta.ru
Research centre of problems of power of KazNtS of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: mechanics of destruction, field of pressure of high usages, normal separation, cross-section shift.
Abstract
In the present work with the order of reception and results of calculation of plastic fields of pressure for two basic types of deformation in the mechanic of cracks – a normal separation and cross-section shift is considered. The problem dares for conditions of flat deformation with use of set of three basic systems of the equations of the deformation theory of plasticity – the equations of balance, the equations of Koshi and the constitutional equations of the elastic-plastic environment on model of Ramberg-Osgud. The algorithm of the decision of a regional problem for a situation of the normal separation, developed Nikishkov, is modified so that from uniform positions to solve problems of a normal separation and cross-section shift. Fields of pressure of the first, second and third order for a normal separation are defined; the first and second order – for pure shift. It is shown that fields of pressure of the third order for conditions of a normal separation unlike fields of the second order show essential dependence on an indicator of deformation hardening n. In the conditions of pure shift of a field of the second order poorly I react to change n, as well as at a normal separation. Comparison of the received results with the known literary data is spent and the correctness of the general approach is proved.
COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF TWO REPRESENTATIONS OF FIELDS OF PARAMETERS OF THE VAT ON PEAK FACTORS
A.M.Tartygasheva
e-mail: shlyannikov@mail.ru
Research centre of problems of power of KazNtS of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: crack, elastic-plastic parametr.
Abstract
In the given work comparison of two- and трехчленного representations of fields of parametres of the VAT on peak factors is spent. Result of research is that degree of the contribution of members of high usages depends on plastic properties of a material, parametre, distance from top of a crack and a corner of orientation of an initial crack. The technique of calculation of elastic-plastic parametres of the VAT on a basis двухчленного decomposition is the most preferable.
CALCULATION OF FACTORS OF INTENSITY OF PRESSURE IN THE CYLINDER WITH THE SEMIELLIPTIC CRACK UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE
R.F.Shagivaleev, R.R.Jarullin
e-mail: shagivaleevramil@mail.ru, yarullin_r@mail.ru
Research centre of problems of power of KazNtS of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: the pipeline, semielliptic crack, method of final elements, convergence of results, factor of intensity of pressure.
Abstract
Factors of intensity of pressure with reference to the semielliptic form of the crack located on an internal surface of the cylinder, loaded with internal pressure are calculated. The topology of the settlement scheme of a cylindrical pipe with a semielliptic crack is proved, steady convergence of results is reached
QUANTITATIVE ANALYS OF TREE-TERM ASYMPTOTIC CRACK TIP FIELDS IN CREEPING MATERIAL
N.V.Boychenko
e-mail: tasha1203@mail.ru
Research Center for Power Engineering Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: Biaxial loading, higher-order terms, crack-tip field, plane strain, creeping materials.
Abstract
The three-term asymptotic crack-tip fields are considered in creeping materials under plane strain conditions in this paper. The investment of every term of three-order asymptotic expansion are estimated. The distribution of investment of every term depending on biaxial stress ratio, crack distance and creep time is analyzed. Comparative analysis of crack tip field stress-strain state parameters by HRR-type and three-term solution is spent in this work. Good agreement analytical findings with finite element results conforms that HRR-solution corresponds only to the equi-biaxial tension which is a particular case of biaxial loading. It is further demonstrated that the higher-order creeping fields are more preference.
ECONOMICS, ECOLOGY, INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESSES IN POWER ENGINEERING
THE PERSPECTIVES OF DEVELOPMENT BIOENERGETICS IN AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF THE REPUBLIC TATARSTAN
G.R. Halitova, Y.V. Karayeva
e-mail: julieenergy@list.ru
Research centre of energy problems of Kazan scientific centre of Russian Academy Sciences,
Keywords: bioenergetics, agroindustrial complex, modelling, utilization, biogas, renewable energy source, energy saving.
Abstract
In article the results of numeral research of introduction of bioenergy plants in the agroindustrial complex of the Republic Tatarstan are resulted, got by the adapted program-calculable ENPEP complex. Technical and economic expedience of development of bioenergetics in the considered region is definite. Data are presented about potential of making of energy in the agricultural organizations on the districts of the Republic Tatarstan. The poultry farming and stock-raising complexes which the use of bioenergy plants is most perspective on are definite. Coming from the technological and economic descriptions, the recommendations on introduction of bioenergy equipment of the home production most acceptable to the enterprises of agroindustrial complex of republic are given.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGY FOR CHARCOAL CANISTER’S OPERATING PROPERTIES RECOVERY
N.I.Mikheev, G.G.Zaitsev, I.A.Davletshin
e-mail: n.miheev@mail.ru
Research Center of Power Engineering Problems Kazan Scientific Center of RAS
Keywords: vent emissions, adsorption, desorption, activated charcoal, regeneration.
Abstract
Technology is proposed for activated charcoal’s operating properties recovery with help of hot air flow. Desorption products are combusted and the heat is transferred to desorption maintenance. This reduces the required power inputs for regeneration. The technology is implemented on a specially developed plant.
ENERGY-EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL PROPELLANTS COMPLETION BY MEANS OF HORIZONTAL WELLS
S.J.Kohanova **, R.N.Gataullin *, G.R. Galeyeva **
e-mail: rustem.acadrome@mail.ru
* Research centre of power engineering problems of the Kazan Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences ** Kazan state technical university of A.N. Tupolev
Keywords: natural bitumens, oil, wave influence, a productive layer, a horizontal well, well production rate, the integrated influence.
Abstract
The short review of modern condition of methods of increasing oil recovery and intensification of productive layers is introduced. Is produced the comparison of efficiency horizontal and vertical wells on oil and bitumen fields. The factors influencing their efficiency are revealed. The perspective technology of the integrated influence on layers with application of horizontal wells is reviewed. The specification statement of technology Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is produced. As a result of study are formulated advantages of wave influence on oil layers at application of horizontal wells.
FEATURES OF PROCESS OF EDUCATION LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMA IN FORMATION ENVIRONMENT OF WATER AT THE HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE
Shaikhov R.B., Kravtsov Ja.I.
e-mail: kravtsov@mail.knc.ru
Research centre of power engineering problems of the Kazan Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: low-temperature plasma, the electric category, a productive layer, oil, ions, hydrodynamical indignation.
Abstract
In work features of process of generation low-temperature plasma in formation environment of a liquid in conditions of a face of a chink are researched. It is shown, that low-temperature plasma can be used as means of an intensification of process of an oil recovery. The essence of a method consists that the electric energy concentrated in the store will be transformed to energy low-temperature plasma filling the channel of the category in a liquid. Last will be transformed to energy of the hydrodynamical indignation influencing a layer. By the lead researches it is shown, that the thermal mechanism of breakdown in formation to the environment containing various ions, plays defining role. Recommendations on creation of means of influence on a layer are given.
INFLUENCING OF THE MODULAR STATE OF HEAT CARRIER ON GEOMETRICAL PERFORMANCES OF THE NOZZLE JET OSCILLATOR
E.A.Butorin, L.I.Samburova
e-mail: butorin06@mail.ru
Research centre of power engineering problems of the Kazan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: generator of oscillations, a nozzle, water, steam, a two-phase mix, a mass flow.
Abstract
In present article use questions in a jet borehole generator of pressure of the bistable current of heat carrier are esteemed. In operation it is scored, that at steam application in thermal-wave technology influencing on an oil layer it is inconvenient to provide inconvertible generation of pressure fluctuations in a working substance current. It is demonstrated, that it is a consequence of variation the phase composition of a current (steam transferring in fluid). Geometrical performances of the baffle device erected on input into the generator for the purpose to supply the part phase transferring of fluid in steam that promotes increasing the zone of influencing at a productive layer are reviewed.
FEATURES OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE RUSSIAN INSURANCE MARKET AS THE CONDITION OF ITS PARTICIPATION IN WORLD SPHERE OF INSURANCE
S.I. Ribakov
e-mail: daminov@list.ru
Moscow financial academy at the government of the Russian Federation
Keywords: the insurance market, economy, volume of investments, model of insurance business, demand.
Abstract
In work the analysis of an existing condition of the Russian insurance market is presented, its properties which are the precondition for a finding of optimum forms of its integration into the world insurance market are reflected. Characteristics of the domestic market of insurance services are presented in quantitative and qualitative aspects. The existing tendency of decrease in rates of increase of the insurance market is analyzed taking into account developed общеэкономических the operating conditions which are taking the form of concrete factors of its development. The condition of potential objects of insurance is shown, characteristics of client base are analysed. The factors negatively influencing development of insurance relations in Russia and investment resources causing deficiency at proprietors of insurance business are considered.