Contents

HEAT-AND-POWER ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS

INTENSIFICATION OF HEAT EXCHANGE AT LAMINAR FLOW OF FLUIDS WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF VISCOSITY ANOMALY IN COAXIAL CIRCULAR CHANNEL
D.V. Ananev, E.K. Vachagina, G.R. Halitova

Research Center for Power Engineering Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: intensification, heat exchange, laminar flow, discrete roughness, non-newtonian liquid, anomalous viscosity, coaxial channel
Abstract
Heat exchange at laminar flow of water solutions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose at different concentrations in a coaxial circular channel with transverse periodic discrete roughness in the form of ledges shaped as half ellipse located symmetrically on the internal and external walls of the channel is considered in the paper. The influence of ledges height and nonlinear- viscosity properties of fluids on heat exchange and hydrodynamics in a coaxial channel is examined. The task is solved on the basis of   Galerkin finite element method. The comparative analysis of heat exchange intensification is conducted at the laminar flow of nonlinear- viscous fluids with different degrees of deviation of viscosity from Newtonian one in interpipe space of coaxial channel with the use of frequently applied criteria.
 
HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE OF A SMOOTH PIPE WITH PULSATING GAS FLOW
I.A. Davletshin, N.I. Mikheev, A.E. Golzman
Research Center for Power Engineering Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: flow rate pulsations, wave structure, hydraulic resistance, pressure drop
Abstract
Experimental results concerning the research of smooth pipe resistance in conditions of superimposed periodic air flow rate pulsations are presented. It has been established that static pressure drop at local sections of the channel significantly depends on the frequency of superimposed flow pulsations. The dependence is associated with the flow wave structure. Values of pressure drop have been found to be close along the whole channel length in pulsating and stationary regimes. Analysis of processes occurring in a pulsating flow using numerical simulation has been carried out.

INDUSTRIAL HEAT-AND-POWER ENGINEERING

METHODS OF APPROACH FOR REDUCING THE MALDISTRIBUTION IN PACKED COLUMNS BY DIVIDING THE PACKING INTO SECTIONS
R.D. Darakchiev, Kr.A. Semkov, S.R. Darakchiev, T.S. Petrova
Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: packed columns, liquid maldistribution, gas flow maldistribution, maldistribution factor, wall flow effect, uniformity limit, redistribution devices
Abstract
The uniform gas and liquid distribution on the packed column cross-section is pivotal for their effective work. Both liquid and gas has tendency to form wall flow at their counter current motion, therefore a distortion of the liquid-gas ratio both on the cross-section and in the height of the apparatus appears. To solve this problem, most often the packing layer (needed for process implementation) is divided into sections. In this work methods for determination of these segments’ heights are presented and the flow distribution along this height is demonstrated.
THE ANALYSIS OF OPEN HEATING SYSTEM PIPELINES CONDITION AT HEATING POWER STATION – HEATING SYSTEM ON THE EXAMPLE OF NABEREZHNO – CHELNY HEATING SYSTEM COMPANY – NABEREZHNO – CHELNY HEATING POWER STATION
N. D. Chichirova, A. A. Chichirov, A.Yu. Smirnov, B.A. Ginijatullin
The Kazan state power engineering university
Abstract
The investigation of the heating system of the public corporation « Naberezhno – Chelny » heating system company (open heating system) is carried out. Deposit quantity is estimated. The analysis of the chemical composition and the structure of deposits with the use of spectral analysis methods is carried out. The probable mechanism of formation of deposits is defined and the speed estimation of their formation is worked out. The recommendations for deposit decrease and protection from heating system corrosion are developed.

POWER GENERATION STATIONS

USE OF WATER PREPARATION CARBONATE SLUDGE IN FUEL OIL FACILITIES OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS
А.G. Laptev, E.R. Zvereva, L.V. Ganina
Kazan State Power Engineering University
Keywords: power plant, fuel oil, multifunctional additive, water preparation sludge
Abstract
The paper offers to use carbonate sludge as multifunction additive for high sulfur residual fuel oil generated when preparing water in thermal power stations. Physicochemical properties of carbonate sludge and its influence on fuel oil exploitation properties have been considered. It is found that the use of this additive allows to improve technical-economic and environmental indicators of fuel oil plants and furthermore, to increase thermal power equipment reliability and its service life.
REGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES OF EMISSIONS LOW GRADE HEAT IN HEAT-GENERATING INSTALLATIONS
A.V. Marchenko, V.I. Sharapov
The Ulyanovsk state technical university
Keywords: industrial and transport emission, exhaust ventilation, underground heating main tunnels, blow fan, boiler units, energy-saving technologies
Abstract
The technical solution complex for using industrial emissions and polluted urban air as an oxidizer in fuel combustion processes was developed for industrial boilers and thermal stations. Scientific justification of suggested technologies energy and economic effectiveness was performed. This justification proves the possibility of fuel consumption decreasing in boilers at the expense of anthropogenic emissions’ heat recovery. This allowed to confirm the technological reasonability of worked out decisions application at heat stations and industrial companies.

POWER AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

THE CHANGE OF TURBINE DISK’S MATERIAL PROPERTIES BY USING SPECIAL DESIGNED PROGRAM TEST-CYCLE
D.V. Toporov, B.V. Ilchenko, R.R. Yarullin
Research Center for Power Engineering Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: low-cycle fatigue, lifetime, hysteresis loop, program test-cycle, true stress.
Abstract
The tensile tests were performed for determination the main mechanical properties of disk’s material after loading history. The smooth and notched specimens were cut out from critical zones of turbine disk with given operating time. The low-cycle fatigue tests were performed with the harmonic test-cycle. Additional tests were conducted on special designed program test-cycle, which equivalent to start-stop cycle of turbine disk. As a result, the static and low-cycle fatigue fracture resistance material properties were obtained. An engineering approach to the prediction of residual lifetime of turbine disks which is sensitive to the loading history at maintenance is proposed. Approximate estimations of carrying capacity are presented for the different stress-strain state of steam turbine disks at the operation.
INCLINED SURFACE CRACK GROWTH DIRECTION UNDER BIAXIAL LOADING
A.V. Tumanov
Research Center for Power Engineering Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: surface crack, semi-elliptical crack, biaxial loading, maximum circumferential stress criterion, strain energy density parameter, crack growth direction
Abstract
Numerical calculation of the stress strain state for the plate under elastic-plastic condition with inclined semi-elliptical surface crack of different shapes in plane under mixed deformation modes is carried out. The results were used to identify the crack growth direction taking into account load conditions, crack shape in the plane, cross section location along the crack front and the angle of crack initial orientation. The comparison of tangential stress criterion and minimum strain energy density parameter is given. 

ECONOMICS, ECOLOGY, INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESSES IN POWER ENGINEERING

HEAT-GENERATORS AUTOMATION FACILITIES RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
D. N. Antropov*, R.A. Sadykov**, V.V. Kraev*, R.R. Ahmadullin***, A.F. Shigapov***
*JSC “Etalon TKC”, **KSACU, ***OGPB “Nurlatneft”
Keywords: heat-and-power facilities, hardware-software systems, energy resources management, system redundancy
Abstract
The types of automation control systems are considered which are used in heat-and-power units. Identification of hardware-software systems main types and their basic characteristics examination allows to optimize the selection of distributed control system to provide its maximum efficiency and reliability. The optimization is based on the selection of only those components which are essential to solve the problem of controlling and elimination of all redundant elements.
ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNET OBJECTS CONTAINING INFORMATION ABOUT THERMAL PROPERTIES OF WORKING MEDIUMS
V.F. Ochkov, E.E. Ustuganin, V.E. Znamenskiy
Moscow Power Engineering Institute (Technical University)
Keywords: open source interactive algorithm, closed algorithm, thermal modeling of a power plant, binary geothermal power plant, binary steam-gas plant and boiler-utilizer, REFPROP, Mathcad.
Abstract
The results of the analysis of different Internet-objects containing information on thermal properties of working mediums, conducted on the example of thermal modeling of a power plant are given. The interaction of a user with such Internet-objects as TF-objects (text files), EF- objects (executable program), OF- objects (open source interactive program) has been studied. In addition, the probability of modernization of TF- objects, the technology of forming of an open source algorithm and corresponding Internet-object have been considered in this article.  At the end of the article the advantage of OF-objects over the other Internet-objects is shown.