HEAT-AND-POWER ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS

HOT-WIRE VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS IN NONISOTHERMAL FLOWS // Transactions of Academenergo. -2013. -N 4. –P. 7-12.
P.S. Zanko*, A.N. Mikheev*, K.R. Hayrnasov**
e-mail: zanko_philipp@mail.ru , AndreiRonnieMiheev@yandex.ru , Kosty@gorgaz.ru
* Research Center for Power Engineering Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
** Kazan National Research Technical University
Keywords: hot-wire, nonisothermal flow, turbulent, calibration, power function
Abstract
The well-known scientific and engineering problem of temperature compensation for hot-wire velocity measurements in nonisothermal flows does not have a good solution yet. Traditional methods of the hot wire temperature estimation using the resistance of the hot wire include many factors which are hard to take into account. Also it is necessary to have expensive measuring equipment etc. In the present paper some optimal temperature of the hot wire is not measured but selected using data of velocity measurements in a nonisothermal flow. The method is illustrated using real experimental data. Some practical aspects of using the method are discussed.

EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF HYDRAULIC LOSES IN SHARPLY BENT CHANNELS WITH INSERTS // Transactions of Academenergo. -2013. -№4. С. 13-19.
A.I. Kadyirov, E.K. Vachagina
e-mail: aidarik@rambler.ru , evachagina@mail.ru
Research Centre for Power Engineering Problems of Federal governmental budgetary Institution of science of the Kazan Scientific Centre RAS
Keywords: experiment, curved channel, helical belt insert, losses of total pressure, viscous medium
Abstract
Results of the experimental study of hydraulic losses for the flow of viscous fluid in sharply bent channels with different locations of helical belt inserts are presented. The data on losses of total pressure for various locations and degrees of twist of the inserts for Reynolds numbers in the range of 250 to 1300 are obtained.

INDUSTRIAL HEAR-AND-POWER ENGINEERING
GAS PURIFICATION FROM SO2 IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS // Transactions of Academenergo. -2013. -№4. С. 20-41.
Chr. Boyadjiev, M. Doichinova, P. Popova-Krumova, B. Boyadjiev
e-mail: chr.boyadjiev@gmail.com , mar_doych@mail.bg , petyabs@yahoo.com
Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: absorption, gas purification, mass transfer kinetics, two-phase absorbent method, mass transfer resistance, convection-diffusion model, average concentration model, three zone column
Abstract
The solid fuel combustion in the thermal power plants, which use sulfur-rich fuels, poses the problem of sulfur dioxide removal from the waste gases. This problem is complicated by the fact, that it is required to purify huge amounts of gas with low SO2 concentration. The huge gas amounts need big apparatuses size, which is possible to be decreased if the absorption rate is maximal. A theoretical analysis of the gas purification from low SO2 concentration in the cases of physical and chemical absorption is presented. The approximations of the film theory, diffusion boundary layer theory and convection-diffusion type of models are used for obtaining the mass transfer resistance distribution in gas and liquid phases. On this base is proposed an identification of the process mechanisms, the mathematical structure of the models and an optimal process realization (liquid-gas bubbles or gas-liquid drops absorption). The theoretical analysis of the methods and apparatuses for waste gases purification from SО2, using two-phase absorbent (CaCO3/H2O suspension) shows, that the process is physical absorption practically and the mass transfer resistances in the gas and liquid phases are 44% and 56% respectively. In these conditions a process optimization is proposed, using a three zone column, where the upper zone is physical absorption in gas-liquid drops system, the middle zone is physical absorption in liquid- gas bubbles system and the chemical reaction take place in the column tank.The presented convection-diffusion type of models permits to be created the average concentration models and to be made quantitative description of the absorption processes.
ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE PETROCHEMICAL PLANT // Transactions of Academenergo. -2013. -№4. С. 42-50.
E.I. Muhametshina, S.I. Islamova
e-mail: emmi-84@mail.rue, isvetulia@mail.ru

Research Centre for Power Engineering Problems of Federal governmental budgetary Institution of science of the Kazan Scientific Centre RAS
Keywords: petrochemistry, energy saving, waste heat recovery, exhaust, thermodynamics, energy balance, exergy.
Abstract
Variants of efficiency improvement of fuel and energy resources consumption and reduction of hazardous emissions at petrochemical industry are considered. Operating production of ethylene oxide and stages of gas-separation of ethylene production of Ethylene plant are chosen as subjects of research. As a result of researches, energy effectiveness of production in question, potential of energy saving and direction of waste heat recovery are determined. Recovery system of low potential waste heat at gas- separation stage of ethylene production and methanol production flow diagram using exhaust flue gases forming at ethylene oxide production is developed.

INFLUENCE OF TARIFF REGULATION MECHANISM ON ENERGY-SAVING MEASURES AND OPTIMIZATION OF HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS // Transactions of Academenergo. -2013. -N 4. –P. 51 – 60.
I.N. Solomin, A.Z. Daminov
e-mail: solil1@yandex.ru , daminov@list.ru
Research Center for Power Engineering Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: heat supply system, unit costs, tariff, energy saving, RAB-regulation.
Abstract
In this article discused influence of tariff regulation mechanism on energy-saving measures and optimization of heat supply systems. Proposed the mathematical definition of the optimal values of the diameters of the heat network and flow of the heat transfer agent on them, taking into account energy resource prices. Performed numerical studies of existing sectors of heat network. Discused the mechanism of setting the tariff for the transmission of heat.

POWER GENERATION STATIONS
ON THE QUESTION OF PROVIDING REGIME REQUIREMENTS IN DEVELOPING NUCLEAR ENERGETICS // Transactions of Academenergo. -2013. -N 4. –P. 61 – 69.
R.Z.Aminov, A.F.Shkret, M.V.Garievsky
e-mail: oepran@inbox.ru
Saratov center of science of Russian academy of sciences
Keywords: thermal and nuclear power plants, power consumption modes, the alignment charts electricity, hydrogen technologies, pumped storage power plant
Abstract
The results of our studies to ensure the base electrical load of nuclear power plants in a non-uniform graphs of power consumption at the expense of unloading and shutdowns of thermal power plants, the use of off-peak electricity for power-hungry consumers. Shows the relative effectiveness of different ways to provide base load plant. Found that the combination of hydrogen with nuclear power technology has the potential to be competitive with variants of construction of pumped storage power stations.
ANALYSIS OF THE PRESSURE-MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION EXPERIENCE IN RUSSIA THERMAL POWER PLANTS // Transactions of Academenergo. -2013. -N 4. –P. 70 – 82.
N.D. Chichirova, A.A. Chichirov, S.R. Saitov, A.G. Filimonov, A.A.Girfanov
e-mail: ndchichirova@mail.ru
Kazan State Power Engineering University
Keywords: baromembrane technology, thermal power plants, water treatment, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, microfiltration
Abstract
The paper analyzes the experience of the introduction of pressure-membrane technology for thermal power plants of Russia. The stages of pressure-membrane technology development, showing their main advantages and disadvantages are given.

POWER_AND_MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

PECULIARITIES OF MIXED MODES I+II CRACK GROWTH RATE OF TITANIUM ALLOY // Transactions of Academenergo. -2013. -№4. С. 83-90.
V.N. Shlyannikov*, A.A. Shanyavskiy**
e-mail: shlyannikov@mail.ru , shananta@mailfrom.ru

* Research Centre for Power Engineering Problems of Federal governmental budgetary Institution of science of the Kazan Scientific Centre RAS
** State Center for Flight Safety
Keywords: mixed mode, titanium alloy, different specimens, crack growth rate
Abstract
Mixed Modes I+II influence on fatigue crack path was considered applicably to thin sheets of titanium alloy OT4. Two types of central notched plate (CNP) and compact tension-shear specimens (CTS) were tested with starter notch orientation in the range of 150 to 900 in accordance with the horizontal axes. T-stress parameter was estimated for all cases studied. Kinetic curves were constructed in term of strain-energy density factor, S, introduced by Shi. In dependence on crack orientation there is difference in mixed-Modes ratio at a crack tip directed to difference in crack growth rate.

FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL UNDER BIAXIAL LOADING // Transactions of Academenergo. -2013. -N 4. –P. 91 – 101.
V.N. Shlyannikov*, A.P. Zakharov*, A.A.Gerasimenko**
e-mail: Alex.zakharov88@mail.ruAlex.zakharov88@mail.ru
*Research Center for Power Engineering Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
**National Mineral Resources University (Mining University)
Keywords: the cruciform specimen, fatigue crack growth rate, T-stress, biaxial stress ratio, biaxial loading.
Abstract
Present study is concerned to determination of fatigue crack growth rate for structural steel 3 under biaxial loading. For this purpose configuration of cruciform specimen was obtained by finite element method. Numerical calculations of T-stresses and geometry depended correction factors were performed for cruciform specimen with central crack. Biaxial loading effects on crack growth rate were established.

ECONOMICS, ECOLOGY, INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESSES IN POWER ENGINEERING
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF A JET–DRIVEN HELMHOLTZ OSCILLATOR FOR PRODUCTION STIMULATION OF HYDROCARBONS // Transactions of Academenergo. -2013. -N 4. –P. 102 – 110.
E.A. Marfin, A.A. Abdrashitov, Ya.I. Kravtsov
e-mail: marfin@mail.knc.rumarfin@mail.knc.ru
Research Center for Power Engineering Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: tone holes, Helmholtz resonator, jet of gas, the frequency of natural oscillations, well, oil, elastic waves, wave action.
Abstract
The article analyzes the prospects of using gas-jet generator of elastic waves for enhanced recovery of oil. Features of the generation of elastic waves in the Helmholtz resonator with a jet of compressible fluid considered. On the basis of published experimental data, the authors proposed an analytical expression describing the relationship of frequency oscillations generated tone holes with speed jet and the characteristic dimensions of the device. The basic geometry of the transducer to generate elastic waves in the flow of a compressible fluid defined.
POWER LOSSES DISTRIBUTION IN THE COST CALCULATION OF ELECTRICITY CONSUMED // Transactions of Academenergo. -2013. -N 4. –P. 111 – 121.
I.N. Phomin
e-mail: Ignik16@yandex.ru
Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov
Keywords: distribution of power losses, settlement schemes, area, objects of distribution power losses, the organizational model measuring electricity, the calculation model measuring electricity.
Abstract
The article discusses the various types of power losses in the retail market, describes the task of automated power losses distribution in the meter-to-cash system and proposes a demand rate adjustment method with account of distributed power losses.