HEAT-AND-POWER ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS
А.M. Pavlenko, B.O. Usenko, А.V. Koshlak
THE THERMOPHYSICAL ASPECTS OF STRUCTURE FORMATION OF AMORPHOUS METALS // Transactions of Academenergo. -2014. -N 1. –P. 7-16.
e-mail: am.pavlenko@i.ua , assistant_pntu@ukr.net , am.pavlenko@yandex.ua
Poltava National Technical Yuri Kondratyuk University (Poltava, Ukraine)
Keywords: hardening, the amorphous structure, the cooling rate, surfacing, heat removal.
Abstract
In this paper, developed an algorithm solving the problem of high-speed thermal cooling of molten metals and alloys in order to form an amorphous structure. This process is realized through the rapid heat transfer and provide high cooling rate of the melt.
The rate of cooling alloys calculated by numerically solving the problem of heat transfer between the melt and a thin layer of a solid metal plate with high heat conductivity. Based on the results of the pilot study was to obtain an amorphous structure of the deposited metal, defined the conditions the implementation of this technology.
INDUSTRIAL HEAT-AND-POWER ENGINEERING
S.I. Islamova, E.I. Muhametshina
ANALYSIS OF THERMAL EFFICIENCY ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF ORGANIC MUNICIPAL WASTE // Transactions of Academenergo. -2014. -N 1. –P. 17-24.
e-mail: isvetulia@mail.ru
Research Center for Power Engineering Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: municipal waste (MSW), waste processing, anaerobic fermentation, analysis of the thermal efficiency, heat balance, heat losses.
Abstract
In this work the methodology and results of analysis of the thermal efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation of organic municipal waste are presented. The main analysis stages included drawing up the heat balance, determination of values of thermal energy brought to the digester, heat losses and calculation of heat efficiency. The assessment of thermal overall performance of the anaerobic reactor is carried out seasonally and from material structure.
V.I. Sharapov
WAYS OF IMPROVING THE HEAT POINTS OF SUBSCRIBERS IN THE URBAN HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS // Transactions of Academenergo. -2014. -N 1. –P. 25-30.
e-mail: vlad-sharapov2008@yandex.ru
Ulyanovsk state technical University
Keywords: urban closed and open heat supply systems, heat points, energy efficiency.
Abstract
Different variants of organization the regulation of the heat load for heat supply systems in the central, local, and individual heat points are considered. Expediency of the organization the individual heat points for flats in the open heat supply systems are shown.
POWER GENERATION STATIONS
R.Z.Aminov*, S.V. Novichkov**, A.V. Yankov **
INFLUENCE OF MODES REMOVAL OF LOAD ON EFFICIENCY THE COMBINED-CYCLE PLANTS SCHEMES // Transactions of Academenergo. -2014. -N 1. –P. 31-40.
e-mail: oepran@inbox.ru novishkovsv@mail.ru emporio-jav@mail.ru
*Department of energy problem of the SSC of the RAS **The Saratov state technical university
Keywords: start-up of gas turbine, heat-recovery steam generator , power-system load curve , design service life of gas turbine, two-unit plant of combined cycle plant .
Abstract
Operating time influence at a lowered power, the numbers of start-up gas turbine on the one- and two-boiler single-turbine unit combined-cycle plant at a covering of the schedule of electric loadings is considered. Change equivalent remaining gas turbine life is shown at a covering of the schedule of electric loadings for different combined-cycle plant schemes.
A.N. Bairamov, A.N. Egorov
EVALUATION OF GEOMETRICAL SIZES OF TWO-STEP HYDROGEN BURNING SYSTEM WITH OXYGEN IN THE STEAM TURBINE CYCLE OF ATOMIC STATION // Transactions of Academenergo. -2014. -N 1. –P. 41-53.
e-mail: oepran@inbox.ru
Federal State Budget Institution Saratov Scientific Center of RAS
Keywords: hydrogen, hydrogen-oxygen steam-generator, two-stage system of combustion, overheating of steam by burning hydrogen with oxygen
Abstract
The aim is to assess the basic geometrical characteristics of the gas-dynamic profile of the two-stage combustion device of hydrogen and oxygen. The assessment is based on the theory of design and calculation of gas burning devices, balance equations of combustion, thermo-technical bases of calculation of heat transfer. Were taken into account data on the dissociation of steam depending on the pressure and temperature. The result was determined the basic geometrical characteristics of the gas-dynamic profile of the combustion device depending on the heat capacity and operating pressure. Also identified the minimum consumption of hydrogen and oxygen in nonstoichiometric part of the chamber to the combustion to achieve self-ignition temperature of the hydrogen in the stoichiometric. And it was determined the calculated value of thermal power of combustion device on reaching the limit of the operating temperature of the steel.
V.V.Nedavniy, A.S.Laskin
APPLYING THE BAUMAN’S STAGE IN A HALF-SPEED STEAM TURBINES WITH 1200 MW CAPACITY // Transactions of Academenergo. -2014. -N 1. –P. 54-61.
e-mail: Nedavniy_VV@lmz.power-m.ru , ener-mash-nv@mail.ru
Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University. OJSC «Power Machines».
Keywords: nuclear power station,steam turbine, low-pressure cylinder, a bunk stage, Bauman’s stage.
Abstract
Actual problem in the area of steam turbines for nuclear power plants is the creation of turbine unit capacity of over 1,200 MW, with an efficiency of above 37% unit and the specific metal content of less than 2,4 tons/MWh Reducing the size of the existing turbine set, keeping the overall efficiency unit lead to the creation competitive power plant. Practical using the last stage with the longest blades, with a fixed number parallel streams, defines the volumetric flow of steam, which can be passed through the flow part of the low-pressure turbine. Steam flow and parameters of live steam upstream of the turbine as well as steam pressure behind it in the near future is unlikely can be change. Value of the output velocity in full-speed turbines are close to their limit. The basic reserve of reducing the number of LPC flows and increasing the unit capacity of the cylinder can serve to further increase summary area of the end “exhausts”. Increasing the steam load and the area “exhaust” LPC at a fixed speed turbine and conditionally “limiting” length of the last stages blades, achieved by using of bunk last stages in LPC. The report presents an analysis of the thermal scheme of steam turbine for NPP 1200MW capacity with design – HIPC+LPC . The advantages and disadvantages of bunk stages are considered, there are given the calculations by choosing the optimal ratio of height to the blade of the upper tier to the total length the blade of a bunk stage to reach the maximum power and LPC well design.
It has been shown that the use of the bunk stages of 1200 MW class turbine will reduce metal consumption by 20-30% whit saving the current levels turbine efficiency. However, today, without waiting for the development of new super-long blades, the application of bunk stages on the basis of existing last stages blades can be created turbine capacity up of 1,800 MW for nuclear power plant.
A.V. Sednin, D.L. Kushner
COMBINED CYCLE POWER APPLICATIONS APPLIED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE BOTTOMING WITH ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES // Transactions of Academenergo. -2014. -N 1. –P. 62-77.
e-mail: sednin_alexei@yahoo.com , dz.kushner@yahoo.com
Research, Development and Innovation Centre for Automation and Control Systems in Heat and Power Engineering and Industry, Belarussian National Technical University
Keywords: thermal power plant, internal combustion engine, organic Rankine cycle, thermal efficiency, combined cycle power unit, numerical experiment
Abstract
Different concepts of the organization of combined power plants using internal combustion е ngine (both in operation and newly designed) bottoming with ORC modules are discussed. Preliminary short-cut investigation of ORC working fluid varying was carried out. The referenced data of commercially available internal combustion engine of WÄRTSILÄ was utilized through the numerical analysis. The numerical experiments were provided by means of material and heat balance equations complemented with finite-temperature difference limitations of heat exchangers, evaporators and condensers. A structural and parametric optimization of combined cycle power units was made and the influence of various factors on energy efficiency was analyzed.
N. D. Chichirova, T.I. Hamidullin
BURNING OF THE HEAVY OIL REMAINS IN FIRE CHAMBERS OF POWER STEAMGENERATORS // Transactions of Academenergo. -2014. -N 1. –P. 78-85.
e-mail: ndchichirova@mail.ru
Kazan State Power Engineering University
Keywords: circulating fluid bed (CFB), bitumen, the heavy oil remains, the tar.
Abstract
Experience of burning of the heavy oil remains on foreign thermal power plants is considered. Options of the organization of burning are considered. Prospects of use of the heavy oil remains as fuel for power coppers of combined heat and power plant in Russia in connection with further increase in depth of oil refining at oil refineries are also shined. Calculation of full volume of products of combustion of the heavy oil remains is made.
POWER – AND – MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
A.V. Tumanov*, J.M. Chandra Kishen**, R. Koraddi***
ALGORITHM OF PROGRAM FOR CRACK GROWTH RATE DETERMINATION BY DROP POTENTIAL METHOD // Transactions of Academenergo. -2014. -N 1. –P. 86-94.
e-mail: tymanoff@rambler.ru , chandrak@civil.iisc.ernet.in , ramesh@biss.in
* Research Center for Power Engineering Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
** Department Of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
*** Bangalore Integrated System Solutions, Bangalore, India
Keywords: drop potential method, crack growth rate
Abstract
An algorithm for crack growth rate computation is proposed. The program based on this algorithm is developed for controllers of testing machines produced by M/s Bangalore Integrated System Solutions. The least square method is used for regression analysis of experimental data. Discrete data sets are approximated by a second-order curve. The crack growth rate is obtained using the derivative of polynomial approximation in the middle region of discrete data set. The distinctive feature of the developed algorithm is its low sensitivity to number of points in the array of the experimental data and to the spread width of a source data. The proposed algorithm allows for changes of parameters and processing methods in real-time during the experiment.
A.V. Trusov
FILTRATIONAL MODELS VERIFICATIONS WITH USING THE METHOD OF PRESSURE WAVES BY THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA // Transactions of Academenergo. -2014. -N 1. –P. 95-105.
e-mail: trusov.ksu@gmail.com
Kazan Federal University
Keywords: filtration of liquids in porous media, filtrational reservoir parameters, pressure waves, phase velocity, well test analysis
Abstract
Possibility of verification models which definitely describe experimental results of unsteady viscous fluids filtration through porous media in laboratory and reservoir conditions are considered in this paper. A comparison of experimental data on hydrodynamic test using method of pressure waves in various porous media with the basic mathematical models were described and shown calculations of phase velocity for used equations. It is shown that local equilibrium model of classical elastic filtration definitely describes in the laboratory unsteady filtration of high-viscosity fluids in homogeneous media in a wide spectral range of pressure waves. In case of unsteady filtration in carbonate (fractured -porous) with block-pore heterogeneity of reservoirs it is possible to use only non-equilibrium models.
ECONOMICS, ECOLOGY, INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESSES IN POWER ENGINEERING
I.G. Samigullin
CONTROL ALGORITHM ENGINEERING SECTOR COMPETITIVENESS // Transactions of Academenergo. -2014. -N 1. –P. 106-113.
e-mail: samiilnur@yandex.ru
Center of Advanced Economic Research in the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan
Keywords: engineering, competitiveness, control algorithm.
Abstract
Objective is to develop a control algorithm competitive engineering industry. In this paper we applied the methods of analysis, abstract logical and systematic method. Investigated and a general description of the algorithm control engineering industry competitiveness. Scientific novelty lies in the development of control algorithms competitive engineering industry. The practical significance is manifested in the possibility of implementing the algorithm in the study of the competitiveness of machine-building enterprises that will improve the competitive position of domestic producers of engineering products.