HEAT-AND-POWER ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS
UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATE OF AN ULTRASONIC METER IN FLOW WITH NON UNIFORM SOUND SPEED // Transactions of Academenergo. -2015. -N 3. –P.P. 7-16.
E.M Gershman*, S.D. Pruglo**, A.V. Fafurin***, V.B. Yavkin****
e-mail: GershmanEM@sibur.ru, vb.yavkin@gmail.com, fafurin.viktor@yandex.ru, Pruglo.DS@tmn.gazprom-neft.ru
* Centre “Metrology”, “SIBUR” Ltd;
** department of metrology, automation, connection and IT, «Gasprom oil New Port » Ltd;
*** FSUE Russian research institute of the flowmeter survey;
**** Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N.Tupolev – Kazan Aviation Institute (KAI).
Keywords: ultrasonic flow meter, non uniformity of temperature field, non uniformity of sound speed, uncertainty, flow rate.
Abstract
It is shown that the volatility of the sound speed along the length of the beam in the ultrasonic flowmeter caused by the inhomogeneity of the temperature or the composition of the stream is a source of uncertainty of the flow rate measurement. Changing the speed sound causes refraction of US beam, resulting in a change in the path length and transit time of US pulse between emitter and receiver, which can also be a source of measurement error of the flow rate. In this paper we assess the impact of changes in the sound speed along acoustic path on the uncertainty of the flow rate measurement with discrete and continuous variation of the speed of sound.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF MASS EXCHANGE IN COUNTER-CURRENT CROSSED FLOWS OF LIQUID AND POROUS MEDIA // Transactions of Academenergo. -2015. -N 3. –P.P. 17-38.
A.I. Mukhamedjanov, V.G. Krioukov
e-mail: amir8919@mail.ru, vkrioukov@mail.ru
Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N.Tupolev – Kazan Aviation Institute (KAI).
Keywords: mathematical model, counter-current crossed flows, oil extraction, porous media, mass transfer, diffusion
Abstract
New mathematical model of mass transfer processes in an industrial extractor “Crown Model” is proposed to predict the concentration distributions in percolation sections and in the outlets. The model incorporates: counter-current crossed flows (CCC-flows) of the raw material and the miscela, mass transfer between the raw material and the miscela, diffusion in the entire extraction field, miscela transport between the extraction sections, influence of loading zone and drainage zones in extractor characteristics. The model is composed of sub-models for the extraction sections, trays. drainage and loading zones. The sub-models are coupled each other by means of the boundary conditions, and reflect the particularities of counter-current crossed flows. The calculation algorithm is based on the method of lines. The algorithm is based on the method of calculation lines. Were fulfilled the comparison with experimental data and the description of the main mass transfer characteristics in CCC-flows.
HEAT TRANSFER IN COOLING SLOT CHANNELS WITH SINGLE IMPACT JETS AND SQUARE BRIDGES // Transactions of Academenergo. -2015. -N 3. –P.P. 39-47.
A.V.Shchukin, A.V.Ilyinkov, V.V.Takmovtsev
e-mail: a.v.shchukin@rambler.ru
Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N.Tupolev – Kazan Aviation Institute (KAI).
Keywords: small-channel cooling system, heat transfer enhancement, 3D prototyping, local heat transfer, cooling slot channels, impact jets, square bridges
Abstract
Results of the experimental research of local and average heat transfer for characteristic sections of cooling slot channels with square bridges placed in line are presented. Jet impingement or outflow occurs at the node points of the channel system. Two characteristic section types are considered: sections with constrained blowing and constrained outflow of cooling air. Reynolds number and pitch ratio varied in the experiments.
INDUSTRIAL HEAT-AND-POWER ENGINEERING
DECREASE IN PRIME COST OF THERMAL ENERGY IN HEATING BOILER ROOMS AT A DESIGN STAGE // Transactions of Academenergo. -2015. -N 3. –P.P. 48-53.
R.N. Zakirov, N.D. Chichirova
e-mail: askar-zrn@mail.ru, kgeu.tes@mail.ru
FSBEI HPE «Kazan power-engineering university»
Keywords: boiler rooms, thermal energy, decrease in expenses, prime cost, design
Abstract
Heating boiler rooms of housing estates of the Republic of Tatarstan with various versions of thermal schemes and standard sizes of coppers are considered. Features at the statement of tariffs for the thermal energy made in the mode of not combined development, in the first two years of work of boiler rooms are defined. The analysis of the given expenses of fuel and the electric power on production of thermal energy in boiler rooms for the first full year of work is made. The criteria influencing prime cost of thermal energy which have to be considered at a design stage of boiler inhabited residential districts are defined.
MODERNIZATION OF URBAN DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS // Transactions of Academenergo. -2015. -N 3. –P.P. 54-62.
V.I. Sharapov, P.E. Chaukin
e-mail: vlad-sharapov2008@yandex.ru, pashlec@mail.ru
Ulyanovsk State Technical University
Keywords: covering urban heat loads, optimization of cogeneration systems, combined heat supply systems, technical and economic efficiency.
Abstract
This article discusses the problems of optimization of coating thermal loads cities with power plants and boilers. Decommissioning boilers that operate without generation of electric energy, as a rule, is the goal of this optimization. In the optimization of the coating of the heat load of the city of Ulyanovsk and load transfer parts of the district boiler houses in Ulyanovsk TPP-1 analyzed the suitability of existing district heating boilers as peak and reserve sources of thermal energy.
POWER GENERATION STATIONS
BASIS OF TYPE OF SUPPLEMENTARY TURBINE PLANTS AT COMBINE ATOMIC POWER STATION WITH ENERGY COMPLEX WITH HYDROGEN FUEL // Transactions of Academenergo. -2015. -N 3. –P.P. 63-77.
R.Z. Aminov, A.N. Bairamov
e-mail: oepran@inbox.ru
Federal State Budget Institution Saratov Scientific Center of RAS
Keywords: energy complex with hydrogen fuel, atomic power station, off-peak electricity, supplementary turbine plant
Abstract
Supplementary steam turbine and gas turbine plants investigate comparative efficiency at peak regime at combine with atomic power station with energy complex with hydrogen fuel. Schemes show of combine energy complex with hydrogen fuel with supplementary steam turbine and gas turbine plants on basis of energy of atomic power station. For supplementary steam turbine and gas turbine plants except peak regime also investigate regime with stop and unloading until minimum. Comparative of supplementary steam turbine and gas turbine plants investigate at identical output of peak power. Estimate net cost of peak electricity of supplementary steam turbine and gas turbine plants show.
POWER AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
FATIGUE LIFE OF POWER STEAM TURBINE DISK MATERIAL AFTER LOADING HISTORY // Transactions of Academenergo. -2015. -N 3. –P.P. 78-91.
V.N. Shlyannikov, A.P. Zakharov, R.R. Yarullin
e-mail: shlyannikov@mail.ru, alex.zakharov88@mail.ru, yarullin_r@mail.ru,
Kazan scientific center of Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: the turbine disk, critical zones, static and low-cycle fatigue material properties fatigue life, residual life, loading history.
Abstract
This study is concerned with power steam turbine disk residual life assessment. Elastic-plastic stress analysis of turbine disk to determine stress distribution in the structure is performed under operation conditions. Both smooth and notched specimens cut out from the critical zones of turbine disk, with different operating time in service were tested under static, harmonic and program types of loading. The main mechanical properties changes and low-cycle fatigue and fracture resistance material properties of disk with fixed operation time were found. Determined by fitting both numerical and experimental data equations for turbine disk residual life estimation were obtained. Residual fatigue life of turbine disk with fixed operating time based on stress-strain state date, static and low-cycle fatigue material properties in critical zones was calculated.
ECONOMICS, ECOLOGY, INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESSES IN POWER ENGINEERING
JUSTIFICATION FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT OF THEIR POTENTIAL FOR EXAMPLE BASHKORTOSTAN // Transactions of Academenergo. -2015. -N 3. –P.P. 92-102.
R.A. Molchanova, S.Z. Fayrushin, E.R. Akhmetov, I.R. Baykov
e-mail: raisamolchanova@yandex.ru, fayrushins@gmail.com, eldar566@gmail.com, hydrolyalya@mail.ru
Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Keywords: renewable energy, gross potential, technical potential, economic potential
Abstract
In this paper, we developed an algorithm for deciding when justifying investment in the development of renewable energy, taking into account the actual characteristics of the regions: geographical location, climatic characteristics, level of infrastructure and power at the expense of traditional energy sources. The article shows the calculated gross and technical potential of renewable energy sources in the Bashkortostan Republic. A qualitative analysis of the existing renewable energy sources is performed, which are increasingly being used in the energy mix of many countries. Also shown are the calculated value of units of electricity and heat to the interests of the kinds of renewable energy sources, which makes it possible to directly compare them with the current rates in the region.
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF HIGHER ENERGY EDUCATION // Transactions of Academenergo. -2015. -N 3. –P.P. 103-112.
V.I. Sharapov
e-mail: sharapov@ulstu.ru
Ulyanovsk State Technical University
Keywords: energy, higher education, problems, two-tier education, baccalaureate, magistracy, legislation, scientometric indicators of efficiency
Abstract
This article discusses the actual problems of the preparation of engineering and scientific personnel for the energy industry. There evaluated of legislative acts in the field of higher education and the transition to a “two-tier” education. The paper shows a possibilities of the magistracy in training highly qualified personnel. There were expressed some considerations on the evaluation of universities and researchers on “scientometric indicators of efficiency”.